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What exactly does a CNC machine tool control

What exactly does a CNC machine tool control

25-05-2023

CNC machine tool is a type of machine tool that can achieve automated operations through a digital control system. It can process objects to achieve predetermined shapes and sizes. The CNC machine tool controls various motion axes of the machine tool, as well as parameters such as the position and direction of the cutting tool during the machining process. This article will provide a detailed introduction to the control principles of CNC machine tools from three aspects: control objects, control methods, and control systems.

CNC machine tool

1. Control object

The control objects of CNC machine tools mainly include three aspects: the motion axis of the machine tool, the position and direction of the tool, and processing parameters. The motion axis of a machine tool usually includes the X axis, Y axis, and Z axis, and some CNC machines also have a rotation axis. The position and direction of the tool mainly refer to the position and cutting direction of the tool during the machining process. Processing parameters include cutting speed, feed rate, cutting depth, etc., which can affect machining quality and efficiency.


2. Control method

The control methods of CNC machine tools are mainly divided into two types: point-to-point control and continuous control. Point to point control refers to a machine tool that only processes a single point during the machining process, and each point requires separate programming, resulting in low machining efficiency. Continuous control refers to the ability of a machine tool to perform continuous machining within a certain range, requiring only one program to complete the machining of multiple points, resulting in high machining efficiency.


3. Control system

The control system of CNC machine tools usually includes two aspects: hardware and software. The hardware mainly includes CNC devices, servo motors, encoders, etc., which can achieve control of various motion axes of the machine tool. The software mainly includes CNC programs and CNC programming languages. CNC programs are a set of instructions for machining, while CNC programming languages are the language for writing CNC programs.


The control principle of CNC machine tools is to achieve automatic operation of machine tool processing through control objects, control methods, and control systems, thereby improving processing efficiency and quality.


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